It's Chinese, and it has something to do with the Chinese calendar. I know only because I recognize 癸 (みずのと) (10th Heavenly Stem) and 卯 (う, 4th Earthly Branch) as things having to do.
Earthly Branches - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I'm guessing the middle column is 癸卯立春日 (something about a date in old Chinese calendar). The left is someone's name 小山. This makes me think it's Japanese because I don't think that's a Chinese name. But the language doesn't seem Japanese. And if it is in Japanese, I sure as hell can't read it. I can't read the first row (rightmost). The middle character is 抗, but I can't figure out the first or third.