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Originally Posted by pacerier
just to check, is it true that when the sentence with "方がいい" comes as a question, we will use the present tense (e.g. 行く方がいいの for "is it better to go?"). And when its not a question, we use the past tense (e.g. 行った方がいい for "its better to go.")?
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No. It doesn't matter if it's used in a statement or question. Think of it as the hypothetical past tense. It will make you sound better than when you use the present tense.
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anyways, when the dictionary does not list nouns like 答え as (~する verb), can we “invent” our own e.g. 答えする, or is it allowed only because its a contracted form of 答えをする?
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Doesn't your dictionary have 答える? I highly doubt it. You're being too creative here. 答えする just sounds aweful. You can say 回答する as well. = かいとうする
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Regarding the ながら conjugation, is it true that the agent of the [v]ながら and the agent of the action in the main clause must strictly be the same person? e.g. is this incorrect: 山田さんは遊びながら、父は働きます.
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It's true (and your sentence is incorrect). You're being way too playful today. This is about one person doing two things simultaneously.
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Also, can the [v]ながら be negative to mean something like “while I am not [v]ing..”, if so how would the conjugation go? (i was thinking 遊びないながら sounds a bit weird)
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OMG You're too much for me. You cannot put a negative verb in front of it. But you can, following it.
"Don't do A while doing B."
Translate these for me.
ご飯を食べながら遊ばないでね。
日本語を勉強しながら変なビデオを見ないでください！
ピザを食べながらしゃべるな！