I don't really eat cup ramen-- I know Japan has like a billion different cup ramens. I think the ones in America are quite different usually. I think you will be pleasantly surprised if you ever have the real deal in Japan!!!
The basic types are:
"ramen"
Miso (red and white types)
Shoyu (soy sauce)
Black Ramen
Tonkotsu Ramen
Seabura (pig's back fat?) ramen
You can get other types with special toppings and stuff like that too, like different styles of eggs.
Side dishes that will often come with it are: Gyoza, Kara age (fried chicken), chahan (fried rice).
It is something that a lot of people like to eat after a night out drinking! I don't recommend eating it when you're hung over the next day though
.